Memory

=============

size_t and unsigned long

-------

On windows 64bit, sizeof(unsigned long) == 32 and sizeof(size_t) == 64.

On linux 64bit, sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(size_t) == 64

intptr_t and uintptr_t (inttypes.h): ints that guarantee to hold a pointer.

ptrdiff_t: type returned by arithmetic differencing two pointers.

::operator new and ::operator delete

-------

[Stroustrup3rd, 19.4.5, p576]

Can be redefined, to use posix_memalign and free

The redefinition can be done as class members [Stroustrup3rd, 15.6, p421]

class A

{

    static void* operator new (size_t size);

    static void operator delete (void *p);

};

int main()

{

    A *p = new A; // calls A::new;

    delete p; // calls A::delete;

}

The redefinition can't be done on other namespace than the global, if not

done in a class.

Prototypes for the new/delete Operators

--------------

void* operator new(size_t);

void operator delete(void* );

void* operator new[](size_t);

void operator delete[](void* );

#include <new> // has set_new_handler(), for bad_alloc handling.

Exceptions

=================

<stdexcept>:

logic_error

    domain_error

    invalid_argument

    length_error

    out_of_range

runtime_error

    range_error

    overflow_error

    underflow_error

Casting

=================

Explicit type conversion [Stroustrup3rd, 6.2.7, p130]

static_cast - converts between related types (pointer to another, enum to int,

        float to int,...). Has minimal type checking, and are often portable.

reinterpret_cast - converts between unrelated types (pointer to int, pointers

        to functions [7.7], ...).

        No type checking. Rarely portable. 

dynamic_cast - run-time checked conversion.

const_cast - for removing const qualifiers.

(Type) exp - Unspecified combination of static+reinterpret+dynamic casts,

        to get the cast done.